Undescended Testes

Cryptorchidism, also known as undescended testis, is the failure of one or both testes to descend into the scrotum. It is the most common birth defect of the male genital tract.

About 3% of full-term and 30% of premature infant boys are born with at least one undescended testis. However, about 80% of cryptorchid testes descend by the first year of life (the majority within three months)

The testicles are the organs where sperm and testosterone (the male sex hormone) are made. The scrotum keeps the testicles in a cooler setting than the body. This is because sperm can’t grow at body temperature. During childhood, sperm in the testicles go through a process that results in mature sperm at puberty.

If a testicle has not reached the scrotum by the time the baby is 6 months of age, it is considered an undescended testicle. This can occur to one or both testicles.

• Future fertility: It is important to preserve the sperm in the undescended testicle. Surgically bringing the testicle into the scrotum can increase future fertility potential.
• Risk of testicular cancer: Although rare, boys who have an undescended testicle are at a slightly higher risk of developing a testicular cancer.
• Risk for testicular torsion: Testicular torsion  is a condition when the testis /testicle twists on its pedicle containing This is an emergency as it can lead to gangrene of testis.The condion is associated with sudden pain and swelling and edema of scrotum.Immediate surgery is required to salvage the testis.

If it is atrophic/small,avascular or nubbin, then it is removed.

Orchiopexy may be done through inguinal approach via small incision.

In some cases, Laparoscopic approach may be required.

Surgery may be single stage or double stage.

The testicle is braught  with its blood supply into the scrotum. It is secured in a pouch and fixed.